Physiologische Untersuchungen über die Eireifung bei Pomatoceros triqueter L.

Ohne ZusammenfassungDie Untersuchungen wurden an der Zoologischen Station Kristineberg, Schweden, ausgeführt. Es ist mir eine angenehme Pflicht, dem Direktor, Herrn ProfessorHjalmar Théel, und dem Vorstand, Herrn Dr.Hjalmar Östergren, meinen besten Dank auszusprechen. Schließlich richte ich den herzlichsten Dank an Herrn Dr.John Runnström, Stockholm, der mir die Idee der Untersuchung gegeben und mit größtem Interesse und größter Freundlichkeit meine Arbeit geleitet hat.     

Four-site four-electron model for Bi(III)-Bi(V) mixed valence complex

In most quantum models for the four-site four-electron problem the lowest singlet state has two short and two long bonds in the absence of lattice polarization and is called the resonating valence bond (VB) state. It is shown here that if the lattice polarization is large, the ground state is a ‘negative U’ state with valence disproportionation (for example BaBiO₃ with Bi(V) and Bi(III) sites). Furthermore the model shows that the coupling between the pairs on different sites is provided via the VB state.     

What Are the Health Risks of Eating Red Meat,and How Should We Assess Them?

This paper discusses possible mechanisms that might lead to misinterpretations of collected data and makes new evidence-based medicine (EBM) recommendations to oppose the previously accepted preventive measures, or treatment options. It is focused on the danger of the “red meat” consumption, and the question whether eating pungent food is good or bad for our health and finally whether the “bad luck” concept of getting several cancer types is valid or not. These three topics got and still have significant media attention. Several mechanisms are proposed as possible causes of these apparent conflicts. Some of them have already been recognized but sadly remained less known to medical readers and also to the general population. Also see the video abstract here https://youtu.be/owjoRXrNShA .     

Comparing FE human body model rib geometry to population data

Biomechanics and Modeling in Mechanobiology - Finite element human body models (HBMs) are used to assess injury risk in a variety of impact scenarios. The ribs are a key structural component within...     

Dark microbial CO2 fixation in temperate forest soils increases with CO2 concentration

Dark, that is, nonphototrophic, microbial CO₂ fixation occurs in a large range of soils. However, it is still not known whether dark microbial CO₂ fixation substantially contributes to the C balance of soils and what factors control this process. Therefore, the objective of this study was to quantitate dark microbial CO₂ fixation in temperate forest soils, to determine the relationship between the soil CO₂ concentration and dark microbial CO₂ fixation, and to estimate the relative contribution of different microbial groups to dark CO₂ fixation. For this purpose, we conducted a ¹³C‐CO₂ labeling experiment. We found that the rates of dark microbial CO₂ fixation were positively correlated with the CO₂ concentration in all soils. Dark microbial CO₂ fixation amounted to up to 320 µg C kg^?1 soil day^?1 in the Ah horizon. The fixation rates were 2.8–8.9 times higher in the Ah horizon than in the Bw1 horizon. Although the rates of dark microbial fixation were small compared to the respiration rate (1.2%–3.9% of the respiration rate), our findings suggest that organic matter formed by microorganisms from CO₂ contributes to the soil organic matter pool, especially given that microbial detritus is more stable in soil than plant detritus. Phospholipid fatty acid analyses indicated that CO₂ was mostly fixed by gram‐positive bacteria, and not by fungi. In conclusion, our study shows that the dark microbial CO₂ fixation rate in temperate forest soils increases in periods of high CO₂ concentrations, that dark microbial CO₂ fixation is mostly accomplished by gram‐positive bacteria, and that dark microbial CO₂ fixation contributes to the formation of soil organic matter.     

Catalytic antibodies in the bone marrow and other organs of Th mice during spontaneous development of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis associated with cell differentiation

Exact mechanisms of autoimmune disease development are still yet unknown. However, it is known that the development of autoimmune diseases is associated with defects in the immune system, namely, the violation of the bone marrow hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) differentiation profiles. Different characteristics of autoimmune reaction development in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) prone Th mice characterizing T-lymphocytes response were analyzed using standard approaches. Profiles of several HSCs differentiation of bone marrow (BFU-E, CFU-E, CFU-GM, CFU-GEMM, T- and B-lymphocytes) of Th male and female mice during spontaneous development of EAE were noticeably different. Patterns of total lymphocytes, B- and T-cells proliferation in several different organs (bone marrow, blood, spleen, thymus, and lymph nodes) were also remarkably different. In addition, there were in time noticeable differences in their changes for some organs of male and female mice. Characters of changes in the profiles of CD4 and CD8 cells proliferation in some organs not always coincide with those for total T lymphocytes. The changes in the differentiation profiles of HSCs and the level of lymphocytes proliferation in the bone marrow and other organs were associated with the increase in the concentration of antibodies against DNA, myelin basic protein, and myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein, and catalytic antibodies hydrolyzing these substrates. Despite some differences in changes in the analyzed parameters, in general, the spontaneous development of EAE in male and female mice occurs to some extent in a comparable way.